Vietnam: National Assembly adopted Law on Artificial Intelligence including authority governance measures

On 10 December 2025, the National Assembly adopted the Law on Artificial Intelligence (AI), which applies to Vietnamese and foreign entities operating in the country, excluding AI used solely for defence, security, or cipher purposes. The Law introduces a risk-based classification of AI systems into high, medium, and low-risk categories and sets out measures for regulation and enforcement. Article 5 establishes state policies to promote AI as a driver of growth, innovation, and sustainable development, supporting access, learning, and social welfare while preserving national cultural identity. The State must prioritise investment in data and computing infrastructure, safe AI development, human resource training, and strategic AI platforms, and encourage public-private partnerships, international cooperation, ethical and socially trusted AI, and the use of AI in public administration and economic sectors. Articles 6 and 14 regulate sectoral applications and high-risk AI, requiring compliance with risk management principles and relevant laws, with additional requirements in healthcare, education, and areas affecting human life, health, rights, or social order. Providers of high-risk AI must establish and regularly review risk management measures and ensure the quality of training, testing, and operational data. Article 19 mandates the Government to issue and update a National AI Strategy, guiding technology, infrastructure, data, human resource development, research, application, safety, innovation, and national sovereignty. Finally, Articles 28 and 29 cover inspection, violation handling, and compensation, including administrative sanctions, criminal liability, and civil compensation for damages caused by AI systems, with exemptions for force majeure or third-party interference.