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Australia: Upper Tribunal determined Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ personal data fell within scope of UK GDPR and confirmed ICO’s authority to issue penalties

Policy overview

Description

Upper Tribunal determined Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ personal data fell within scope of UK GDPR and confirmed ICO’s authority to issue penalties

On 6 October 2025, the Upper Tribunal (UT) ruled that Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ personal data fell within the scope of the UK GDPR and confirmed the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) authority to issue the monetary penalty and…

Scope

Policy Area
Data governance
Policy Instrument
Data protection regulation
Regulated Economic Activity
ML and AI development
Implementation Level
national
Government Branch
judiciary
Government Body
court

Complete timeline of this policy change

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2020-03-20
under deliberation

The Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) and the United Kingdom Information Com…

2021-10-14
in force

The Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) and the United Kingdom Information Com…

2021-10-29
in force

On 29 November 2021, United Kingdom Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has announced its provi…

2022-05-23
in force

On 23 May 2022, the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) fined Clearview AI Inc GBP 7'552'8…

2023-05-08
in force

On 8 May 2023, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia (AATA) upheld the OAIC’s decision t…

2023-10-17
in force

On 17 October 2023, the UK Court of Appeal issued a ruling concerning Clearview AI’s appeal of the …

2023-11-17
under appeal

On 17 November 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) filed a case before the Court, ask…

2024-08-21
under deliberation

On 21 August 2024, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) issued a statement …

2024-10-28
under appeal

On 28 October 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) renewed his application for permiss…

2025-10-06
in force

On 6 October 2025, the Upper Tribunal (UT) ruled that Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ pe…