United States of America: Leading Ethical AI Development (LEAD) for Kids Act (AB 1064) was adopted by California State Legislature

On 11 September 2025, the Leading Ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI) Development for Kids Act was adopted by the California State Legislature. The Act applies to operators of companion chatbots that simulate sustained humanlike relationships with users under 18. It bans systems that can encourage self-harm, suicide, violence, substance use, disordered eating, illegal activity, or sexual interactions with children. It also prohibits chatbots from offering unsupervised therapy, discouraging professional help, or prioritising validation over safety. Violations carry civil penalties of USD 25,000 per case, enforceable by the Attorney General, with a private right of action for harmed children or their guardians.