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On 6 December 2021, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) closed its investigation into Rakuten for alleged abuse of a superior bargaining position. The investigation had been opened on 28 February 2020 concerning Rakuten's proposed "Shipping Inclusive Program Measures", which would prevent all merchants on its platform from receiving delivery fees from the respective purchasers. According to the JFTC, Rakuten Group violated Article 19 of the Japanese Antimonopoly Act. After Rakuten took voluntary measures, the JFTC now closed its investigation. The measures taken by Rakuten all revolve around the obligation to not further disadvantage its merchants as well as increased transparency regarding its policies.
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