India: Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025), including artificial intelligence authority governance was introduced to Council of States

On 5 December 2025, the Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025), including artificial intelligence (AI) authority governance, was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to establish a legal framework to regulate intellectual and creative outputs generated by artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill applies to AI developers, model providers, platforms, and users of both free and paid AI models. The Bill would establish a National AI Data Governance Authority to regulate, supervise, and facilitate the lawful collection, processing, and use of data for AI systems and AI-generated content in India. The Authority would establish and maintain a central and interoperable public repository of AI-generated content containing metadata on authorship, creation, AI systems used, content type, and copyright or licence status. Further, the Authority would issue binding data governance standards, certify and audit high-risk datasets and training pipelines, maintain registries of datasets involving copyrighted content and mandate data provenance and traceability disclosures. The Bill would also introduce criminal and monetary penalties for a range of offences, including unauthorised use of protected machine-generated intellectual assets, breaches of AI data governance standards, non-disclosure or misrepresentation, unlawful re-identification of anonymised data, and fraudulent or unauthorised use of digital signatures by AI systems. The Authority would have powers to issue interim measures in the interests of justice or to prevent imminent harm, including suspension of an AI system, directions to cease certain activities, and seizure of digital evidence, in force for 30 days subject to extension. General immunity from civil or criminal liability would be given to entities developing and deploying AI systems in good faith, in compliance with regulations, and undertaking due diligence. Additionally, the Bill would require the government to establish Special Tribunals to adjudicate disputes, offences, and appeals arising under the Bill. The tribunal would have equivalent powers to civil courts and hear appeals against orders of the AI authority, issue interim orders, award penalties and damages, and enforce decisions.