United States of America: Trade Representative opened consultation as part of investigation into Brazil’s alleged unfair trade practices including its content moderation policies

On 17 July 2025, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) opened a consultation as part of its Section 301 investigation into Brazil’s trade practices, with a focus on digital trade and electronic payment services. Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 authorises the USTR to investigate whether a foreign country's policies are unfair or violate the United States' trade rights. The investigation will assess whether Brazil’s policies are unreasonable, discriminatory, or restrict US commerce. It examines allegations that Brazil retaliates against US companies, including social media and payment service providers, for failing to censor political speech or by restricting their ability to operate in the country.