European Union: European Electronic Communications Code was adopted

On 11 December 2018, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted Directive (EU) 2018/1972 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code. The Directive applies to providers of electronic communications networks, services, and associated facilities across the EU, covering fixed, mobile, and wireless infrastructure. It consolidates and modernises the EU telecoms framework, introducing obligations to promote investment in 5G and very high capacity networks and ensure effective competition. It also contains provisions on strengthening consumer protection, including for persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups, and harmonising regulations across member states. It also defines tasks for national regulators and sets rules on radio spectrum, network security, and the development of trans-European communications services. The Directive entered into force on 20 December 2018, with Member States required to transpose it into national law by 21 December 2020.