Japan: Act on Promotion of Research and Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence-Related Technologies entered into force excepting certain provisions

On 4 June 2025, the Act on the Promotion of Research and Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence-Related Technologies entered into force, with the exception of the provisions of Chapter 3, Chapter 4, and Supplementary Provisions Article 3, and Article 4. The excepted provisions will enter into force on a date to be determined by government ordinance within three months from the date of promulgation. The Act establishes a national framework for AI development, defining AI-related technologies as those replicating human cognitive abilities through artificial methods and information processing systems. It sets principles focused on technological self-sufficiency, international competitiveness, and the integration of research and practical applications. Transparency measures aim to prevent misuse and protect citizens' rights, alongside provisions for international cooperation. The Act assigns responsibilities to various stakeholders. The national government must develop AI policies, local governments must implement region-specific measures, research institutions must focus on research and talent development, businesses must apply AI and collaborate with government initiatives, and citizens are expected to increase their understanding of AI. It introduces two mechanisms to guide implementation, an Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan and an Artificial Intelligence Strategy Headquarters within the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister and including all cabinet ministers. The Headquarters will oversee the Basic Plan and coordinate AI policy across the government. The Act provides for research promotion, responsible AI use, talent development, education, monitoring of AI trends, and issue analysis.