European Union: European Commission issued its preliminary findings that Apple's contract terms concerning alternative app distribution violate Digital Markets Act

On 23 April 2025, the European Commission issued an interim ruling finding that Apple likely breached the Digital Markets Act (DMA) by restricting alternative app distribution on iOS. The European Commission noted that despite DMA obligations to allow third-party app stores and direct downloads, Apple imposed restrictive conditions and a “core technology fee” that discourages developers from using these channels. Strict eligibility criteria and a confusing user experience further limit access. Apple may now review the findings and submit a response.