European Union: Implemented Commission order designating six gatekeepers under the Digital Markets Act (DMA)

On 6 March 2024, the designated gatekeepers are required to comply with the Digital Markets Act (DMA) obligations, such as interoperability and data handling requirements. The companies classified as such are Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta and Microsoft. The Commission identified 22 core platform services. Meta was designated as the gatekeeper based on the social networks Facebook and Instagram, the intermediation platform Meta Marketplace, the advertising platform Meta and the communication services WhatsApp and Messenger. ByteDance was designed based on the social network TikTok. Microsoft is considered a gatekeeper based on the social network Linkedin and operating system Windows PC OS. Amazon provides 2 core services, the intermediation service Amazon Marketplace and the advertising platform Amazon. Apple was designated based on the intermediation platform App Store, the browser platform Safari and the operating system IOS. Alphabet was designated based on the core intermediation services are Google Maps, Google Playa and Google Shopping, the advertising platform Google, the operating system Google Android, the video sharing platform YouTube, the browser Chrome and the search engine Google Search.