Indonesia: Signed Indonesian Criminal Code

On 2 January 2023, the new Indonesian Criminal Code, which expands the classification of crime types and strengthens the government's control over online speech, was officially promulgated after being signed by the President. The new Code also applies to online acts whose consequences are manifested in Indonesian territory. Further, it establishes a range of specific offenses that can be committed by means of information technology, such as insults against government figures and institutions, inciting violence or hate crimes, providing the opportunity to commit crimes, and spreading unlawfully recorded images. The Code comes into force three years after this date.