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On 7 September 2019, the US-Japan Digital Trade Agreement was signed. Article 11 of the Agreement prohibits the two countries to restrict the cross-border transfer of information by electronic means if such activity is done for business purposes. However, a party is allowed to adopt restrictions necessary to achieve a "legitimate public policy objective", when that measure is proportionate to the objective and does not constitute an arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or restriction on trade.
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