Enforcement of the Digital Markets Act (DMA)

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) entered into force with a grace period on 1 November 2022. The majority of its measures became effective in May 2023, while the gatekeepers were officially appointed on 6 September 2023. The gatekeepers are required to comply with the DMA 6 months following their designation on 6 March 2024. This thread includes the European Commission's investigations into the digital platforms that may qualify as gatekeepers and their compliance with the obligations, as well as lawsuits challenging such designation.